What Is Computer And Its Basics? -Best Introduction to Computers

What Is Computer And Its Basics – The advent of computers hasn’t changed so much in the modern world in the last 50 years. With the world’s population growth and wealth creation, transactions have become so numerous that people can no longer do it manually. Very important in modern business information-information about the business, its history, its performance, forecasts and budgets, its employees, its customers / clients, its creditors and suppliers, its investments, and more.

Many people need to manually record and process the data to make it useful information. That’s why today’s computers are so important.

A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes data. The processed data is called information. The first computer was made in the United States in 1945. It weighs 30 tons and has a floor area of ​​138 square meters, which is the size of an average house.

Today, large mainframe computers occupy only a few square meters and can process much more data much faster. The most important development arose with the invention of the personal computer (PC) in 1980. Hardware is changing the fastest in the computer industry, with newer and faster components being invented almost every day.

The first large computer was able to execute 5000 instructions per second. The latest small PCs can process millions of instructions per second. Large computers like Cray can process over 1000 000 000 (1 billion) instructions per second.

What Is Computer And Its Basics

PC Components and Technology.

The following section gives a brief overview of the components and technologies used in modern PCs.

Hardware Components- One of the great strengths of the PC architecture is its scalability and the ability to connect a variety of components, allowing you to perform tasks on your PC that designers never imagined. why. However, most PCs include a more or less standard set of components, such as: (Remember when we talked about the minimal components to power a computer)

Motherboard- Motherboard is the heart of your PC. It acts as a “command central” for coordinating system activity. Its type primarily determines the functionality of the system.

Voltage Regulator Module (VRM)- The VRM provides a clean, tightly controlled voltage to the CPU. Faster CPUs consume more current. Good VRMs are expensive, so few motherboard manufacturers fit the fastest CPUs. Use the lowest rated VRM for which the motherboard is designed. support.

Memory Slots- The type and number of memory slots (and chipset limits) determine the type and amount of memory that can be installed on your PC. Memory is different from 168-pin SDRAM DIMMs, 168-pin or 184-pin Rambus RIMMs, 184-pin DDR-SDRAM DIMMs, DDR400, DDR2, and DDR3. Older motherboards accept 30-pin and / or 72-pin SIMMs.

Expansion Bus Slots- The type and number of expansion bus slots determine the types of expansion cards you can add to your system. Common slots available are ISA (old and obsolete), PCI, AGP, PCI-Express.

Integrated Features- Modern motherboards often have built-in features such as video, sound, and LAN. The advantages of embedded components are cost savings, improved integration, and improved reliability. The downside is that it can be difficult or impossible to upgrade an embedded component and you have to pay for the embedded component regardless of whether you use it or not.

Integrated motherboards are often ideally suitable for casual use, but most readers of this book avoid them on high-performance systems and build PCs from discrete components.

Processor- A processor or CPU is the engine that drives your PC. The CPU you use determines the speed at which your system runs and the operating system and other software that your system can run. Most PCs use Intel or AMD processors. Processors differ in speed, efficiency, and other aspects of performing different tasks.

Memory- PC uses random access memory (RAM) (also known as simple memory) to store currently running programs and data. RAM is available in different types, speeds, and physical packages. The amount and type of RAM your system uses depends on its chipset, the type and number of RAM slots available, and other factors.

The optimal amount of RAM depends on the operating system you are running, the number and number of programs you are running at one time, and other factors. Adding RAM is often a cost-effective upgrade for older systems.

Floppy Disk Drives- Floppy disk drives (FDDs) were previously used for everything from booting a PC to storing data and running programs to create backups, but are now widely used. It is reused for rare purposes such as creating emergency boot disks and updating updates. Execution of device driver and diagnostic program. , Or “copy” the document to another system. The FDD has been officially declared a “legacy” device, and many PCs manufactured after the mid-2000s do not have a device.

CD-ROM Drives- CD-ROM drives began to appear on mainstream PCs in the early 90’s. CD-ROM discs store 700 MB or more of data in a read-only format and are inexpensive in terms of both capacity and production, so they are commonly used for software and data distribution. CD-ROM drives are also popular for listening to music and playing games because they can also play CD-DA (audio) discs and multimedia discs.

Hard Disk Drive- A hard disk drive (HDD) is also the primary storage device for any PC. Unlike RAM, which holds data only when the power is turned on, the data written to the HDD remains saved until it is deleted. HDD space was previously a scarce resource that users had to spend a lot of effort to save.

Most people think that disk space is essentially free because modern HDDs are very large (100+ GB-1.5 terabytes (1500+ GB)) and very cheap. On the downside, modern HDDs can be difficult to install and configure, especially on older systems. ..

Video Adapter- A video adapter, also known as a graphics adapter (3D acceleration), takes video data from your computer and converts it into a format that your monitor can view. In addition to image quality, the video adapter you use determines the sharpness, number of colors, and consistency of the image displayed on your monitor.

While modern video adapters display text and simple graphics properly, video adapters differ greatly in their suitability for use in graphics-intensive software, including games.

Monitor- The monitor you use will ultimately determine the quality of the video you watch. Monitors are available in a variety of sizes, capacities, features and prices, and choosing the right monitor is not an easy decision.

Sound Adapters and Speakers- All PCs can use the built-in speakers to generate basic warning sounds and audible signals, but you can play audio CDs, play games, watch full surround sound DVDs, and get free internet. Access To make long-distance calls, you need a sound card (or built-in motherboard sound adapter) and speakers or headphones to use software voice recognition and other PC audio features.

Keyboard and Mouse- PCs accept user input using a variety of devices. The keyboard inputs text. A mouse, trackball, and other pointing device for working in a Windows graphical environment. A game controller for playing modern graphical computer games and simulations.

Communication Ports- Communication ports allow you to connect your PC to external peripherals such as printers, modems, and similar devices.

Case and Power Supply- The case (or chassis) is the outer shell that houses your PC and all internal peripherals. The power supply provides regulated power to all system components and cools the air flow to prevent the components from overheating.

What is Computer – History of Computers

What is a Computer –The modern era is the computer itself. The word computer comes from the word compute, which means to calculate or count. For this reason, computers are commonly known as computing devices. A computer is an automated, endless purpose electronic device that, once powered on, automatically activates and can perform many tasks at once.

A computer is an electronic device that instantly and literally follows instructions and messages given by a user. Computers have their own logical power and memory. Human memory fades over time, but computer memory remains the same. The biggest difference between computers and humans is that computers do not have their own intelligence or discretion. Therefore, program control allows the computer to understand and follow the user’s instructions so that the user can achieve the desired result.

For this, your computer needs a program, which is stored in your computer’s memory. Apart from your computer program, you can also save the results you get to this memory on your computer. These computer programs are written in a computer-understandable language.

What is Computer Hardware and How They Work with Computers

If you are new to computers, you must have wondered what computer hardware is and how it differs from computer software. Simply put, hardware is a physical device, everything that software works for. In addition to components such as cases, keyboards, mice, program discs, and books, the hardware includes all the “mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components that make up the system.” (See: wordnet.princeton.edu / perl / webwn). Power supplies, floppy disks, digital video drives, flash drives, joysticks, cables, wires, and audio components are all considered “hardware” for use in your computer.

Computer hardware includes all complex devices that allow you to capture and store data, perform operations or series of operations on that data, or generate control output. Computer software, on the other hand, is a computer’s self-contained or external programs and databases. Computers are usually preloaded with software that can be operated at the time of purchase and some functional software.

There are many options for hardware. For example, the keyboard is standard and can be split or ergonomically designed with or without an auxiliary numeric keypad. The mouse has also been modernized from 2 clicks to a wheel style scroll button mouse. External accessory drives are available in a variety of capacities and sizes. Flash drives are available in a variety of storage capacities.

What is computer hardware? This is something that can be seen and touched (from the outside), as well as internal physical components such as the motherboard and drive mechanism. software. However, the actual disc data cannot be displayed or touched. Compare this with your thoughts and your brain.

Easy-to-read hardware includes central processing unit (CPU), speakers, monitors, mice, screens, cords, and mouse pads. These form the actual unit. Peripherals (hardware) can be floppy disks, hard drives, floppy drives, CDs, CD drives, and random access memory (RAM) boards. Some of these are removable or can be shared and mailed.

Computers and operating systems have evolved to be easy for most operators to use. What was filling the entire building can now be seated on your lap! Large-scale systems are built for commercial, commercial, and government use.

There is another situation to accept. It’s the use of external hardware that your computer doesn’t have. This is, for example, where you buy websites from your host company and use those devices that are accessed remotely from your computer over the Internet. You rent space for their computer and benefit from using their equipment, hardware and software, which are much more expensive and complex than your home. Suitable for website design, backup data storage, offsite data storage as needed.

What Is Computer Memory?

Many people ask themselves, “What is computer memory?” And there is a good reason. Computer memory is a difficult concept for most people to understand.

Memory RAM There are only two types of memory and hard drive memory.

RAM memory

“What is computer memory?” Regarding RAM memory. RAM memory, also known as random access memory, stores information used by the processor on the computer. RAM memory consists of modules equipped with integrated circuits. Integrated circuits store information in them and are called random because the information can be accessed by the CPU in any way or format. You can access the memory in any way without having to move or modify the module. The only problem with RAM memory is that it is lost the moment you turn off your computer.

Unlike previous data storage methods, RAM memory can pull data from anywhere in the circuit, and other methods such as tapes and magnetic disks require a physical amount of data or an optical read unit.

RAM can also be written, so basically it can be read correctly. The problem is that when you turn off your computer, you lose data in RAM memory. This is where your computer’s flash memory or ROM memory comes in handy.

ROM memory

ROM memory is a small circuit of memory stored on the motherboard itself. ROM memory contains all the data needed to boot and boot your computer. ROM memory is read-only memory, so it cannot be modified and is read-only. Therefore, it usually retains only the firmware needed to boot the hardware. ROM memory holds only information that is unlikely to change immediately.

Hard drive space

Most people who use a computer but don’t understand how the computer works or what computer memory is. They think RAM memory and hard drive space are the same. In fact, a hard drive is a metal plate mounted inside a metal case. The head can rotate to read and write information. Therefore, hard drives are used to store large, long-term files that can be accessed in the future. Since nothing can be stored in RAM memory, use a hard drive to store information that needs to be accessed at other times.

This is a mistake most people make when calling a hard drive memory. In reality, a hard drive is just a storage device.

What is computer memory? How much do you need?

Hard drives have nothing to do with memory, and it’s easy to understand the importance of computer RAM memory. Therefore, when choosing a new computer, you should buy the computer with the largest RAM memory.

Many people ask themselves, “What is computer memory?” And there is a good reason. Computer memory is a difficult concept for most people to understand.

Memory RAM There are only two types of memory and hard drive memory.

RAM memory

“What is computer memory?” Regarding RAM memory. RAM memory, also known as random access memory, stores information used by the processor on the computer. RAM memory consists of modules equipped with integrated circuits. Integrated circuits store information in them and are called random because the information can be accessed by the CPU in any way or format. You can access the memory in any way without having to move or modify the module. The only problem with RAM memory is that it is lost the moment you turn off your computer.

Unlike previous data storage methods, RAM memory can pull data from anywhere in the circuit, and other methods such as tapes and magnetic disks require a physical amount of data or an optical read unit.

RAM can also be written, so basically it can be read correctly. The problem is that when you turn off your computer, you lose data in RAM memory. This is where your computer’s flash memory or ROM memory comes in handy.

ROM memory

ROM memory is a small circuit of memory stored on the motherboard itself. ROM memory contains all the data needed to boot and boot your computer. ROM memory is read-only memory, so it cannot be modified and is read-only. Therefore, it usually retains only the firmware needed to boot the hardware. ROM memory holds only information that is unlikely to change immediately.

Hard drive space

Most people who use a computer but don’t understand how the computer works or what computer memory is. They think RAM memory and hard drive space are the same. In fact, a hard drive is a metal plate mounted inside a metal case. The head can rotate to read and write information. Therefore, hard drives are used to store large, long-term files that can be accessed in the future. Since nothing can be stored in RAM memory, use a hard drive to store information that needs to be accessed at other times.

This is a mistake most people make when calling a hard drive memory. In reality, a hard drive is just a storage device.

What is computer memory? How much do you need?

Hard drives have nothing to do with memory, and it’s easy to understand the importance of computer RAM memory. Therefore, when choosing a new computer, you should buy the computer with the largest RAM memory.

Which Causes Computers to Perform Very Slowly?

Have you tried surfing the internet and noticed that the website takes forever to reach you? Does it take too long to open and close your PC? Is the blue screen always staring at you? Can’t you see the words formed on the screen even if you enter almost the whole sentence? Do I always have to restart my computer due to a freeze or crash? Is your PC so annoying that you already want to throw it out the window? Once you start facing all these issues, the next question is, “What causes your computer to run so slowly? Here are some answers to this question and a solution to this issue.

Simply put, a computer behaves like a turtle because of its registry. The registry is a database of your computer’s operating system. This registry is responsible for ensuring that all Windows activities work properly and smoothly. This is the source of information for your PC to work. If the registry is messed up, your PC will slow down. Enlargement with all types of files that are already accumulating, whether needed or not, causes problems. This adversely affects the application and slows down the performance of the PC.

Given this fact, there are three options for solving the problem. You can fix it yourself, take it to a repair shop, or use a registry cleaner. The first option is not recommended as it can cause worse problems, especially if you are not an expert. The second option can bring your computer back to its original state, but it can cost even more.

The last option is the most economical and wise option of the three. This is because it is cheaper to buy just one and you can reuse it if you encounter the same problem in the future. Scan your PC to identify the problem, fix the problem and prevent the same problem from reoccurring.

What is Computer Performance Software?

Computer performance software is used to bring your computer back to its optimized and optimal state, with the aim of fixing all PC errors, speeding them to the limit of functionality, and removing errors and invalid entries from the registry. is. Indispensable computer performance software for all PCs. This is the only way to keep your computer always fast and error-free.

Computer performance software is actually a registry cleaner. Registry Cleaner is a small piece of software that scans and fixes all registry errors and invalid entries. The registry is where Windows stores the most important and important data that affects all Windows operations, including startup and shutdown. An error in the registry can cause serious damage to the operating system.

Manually editing the registry is exactly the same as using the registry cleaner, but if you don’t know the way to the registry editor, it’s a bit dangerous because you’re likely to make mistakes in the registry and it’s probably costly. .. A lot of damage. Problems such as slow computer operation, PC errors, and even the computer not working.

A good registry cleaner is Registry Easy. I have used many registry cleaners on my PC. Some of them were excellent and some caused more problems than before. When I first ran RegistryEasy, I was able to see the effect. Suddenly my computer started working as I bought it. No errors, fast and smooth. RegistryEasy turned out to be the best computer performance optimizer software.

What A Computer Technician Should Be

Today’s so-called computer technicians think that they can become excellent technicians simply by owning and operating a computer shop and having a lot of PCs around them. They still call themselves computer experts. Being a computer technician isn’t just about making sure your computer is clean and replacing older hardware and software. More importantly, troubleshoot your computer’s hardware.

They need to know how to fix, troubleshoot, and properly maintain their PC. Genuine technicians want to be familiar with the many electronic components that come with computer hardware. You also need to be knowledgeable about voltage and current and have the habit of finding not only problems but also their symptoms.

This article describes the qualities you need to ask a technician. Technicians need to have specialized knowledge of computer hardware configuration software. A good technician needs to be able to add hardware to the PC, install the software, and upgrade and update the software for the hardware to work. Another important requirement for a technician is his / her knowledge of the BIOS, which is a very important skill for a technician. To be able to repair your computer, you need to know the various settings that make up the BIOS and your PC’s hardware.

Also, computer technicians need to have advanced skills to configure the PC to boot properly on the first boot. This may be the easiest job for a technician. However, there are more advanced issues that technicians have, such as wiring PCs, and it turns out that maintenance is essential.

Improper cable configuration can have disastrous consequences. In particular, the system can crash before booting. The technician must be able to connect the appropriate power cable to the appropriate positive and data cables in the internal hardware. This is because it may not work and may damage your PC.

Technicians need to know the basics of capacitors, inductors, and switching component transistors. A good technician needs to have a high degree of knowledge about different voltages and values ​​in different conditions. A good example is that the technician should be able to detect if the capacitor has blown, its current drops, and the voltage across it goes to zero. The technician should also be able to check if the capacitor or inductor is damaged to prevent power surges.

Without these basic requirements, a computer engineer cannot be called an engineer. Maintaining and repairing your PC requires more than basic manual instructions. Skills, a lot of training and practice are required. Anyone can simply open the computer, replace parts and wiring, and install and remove software. But computer engineers do more than that. Hardware and software troubleshooting is the pride and passion of engineers.

In addition, these people have the ability to detect and fix problems with their PC. But if you are looking for a professional technician to do all your PC repairs, you will be disappointed because many of them work for big boys. You don’t need all the geniuses on your computer, but you need someone who fits all the above qualities.